Alexander’s Fifteen Properties of Living Structures

As described by Christopher Alexander in his book The Phenomenon of Life.

• Levels of scale
• Strong centers
• Boundaries
• Alternating repetition
• Positive space
• Good shape
• Local symmetries
• Deep interlock and ambiguity
• Contrast
• Gradients
• Roughness
• Echoes
• The void
• Simplicity and inner calm
• Non-separateness